CD meaning

Set out below are the key practical competition law considerations when preparing and submitting the Form CO to the European Commission (the Commission): Confirm eligibility for a Short Form CO to reduce disclosures. Build in time; a full Form demands extensive data, including Member State market shares. For turnover, use the Commission’s official ECB exchange rate and support the filing with economic analysis. If information is unavailable, explain why and estimate; if requests seem irrelevant, justify and obtain a waiver with the case team. Check accuracy; inaccuracies render the Form CO ineffective until the Commission is satisfied. Provide precise contact details for customers, competitors and suppliers, and include caveats for any assumptions. Allow time for authorisations and, where required, signature of the declaration by the relevant business person or in-house lawyers. Prepare required copies (one original, three paper, two CD or DVD) and translate supporting documents not in an EU official language. Review supporting documents for any “anti-competitive” language...

In this issue: Air emissions and climate change Contamination and pollution Energy efficiency and buildings Energy for environmental lawyers Environmental information Environmental taxes, reliefs and incentives ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Nature, biodiversity and habitat conservation Waste Water, flooding and drainage Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Air emissions and climate change Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGR)-UK government publishes Business Model documentation On 27 August 2025, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) released a suite of papers on its proposed Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGR) Business Model and accompanying policy. The Lexis+ Energy team, working with Navraj Singh Ghaleigh, Senior Lecturer in Climate Law at the University of Edinburgh Law School, set out the context for the GGR Business Model; its relationship with the Power BECCS Business Model; the technologies the GGR framework intends to encompass; its legal footing and principal features; and how...

In this issue: Sustainable finance and ESG round–up UK and international sanctions National Security and Investment Act Football Governance Bill Lending Security Aviation finance Sustainable finance Debt capital markets Derivatives Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Useful information Sustainable finance and ESG round–up Sustainable finance and ESG weekly round–up For this week’s overview of Sustainable finance and ESG developments, see: Sustainable finance and ESG weekly round–up—23 May 2024. UK and international sanctions OFSI updates guidance on Russian sanctions and reporting information The Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI) has refreshed its General, Russia, Counter-Terrorism, and Enforcement and Monetary Penalties guidance. The changes align the materials with amendments introduced by the Sanctions (EU Exit) (Miscellaneous Amendments and Revocations) Regulations 2024, SI 2024/643, and the Sanctions (EU Exit) (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2024, SI 2024/644. The guidance also now incorporates the new reporting obligations for designated persons under...

In this issue: Probate Trusts Court of Protection UK taxes for private clients Spouses, civil partners and cohabitants HMRC Manuals updates Tax avoidance, evasion and non-compliance Family enterprises and ownership models Pensions, insurance and tax-efficient investments Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland International Question of the week Additional Private Client updates this week Daily and weekly news alerts LexTalk® Private Client: a Lexis+® community New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q&As Useful information Probate Law Commission launches consultation on burial and cremation laws The Law Commission has opened a consultation to modernise burial and cremation law, parts of which are more than 170 years old. Draft proposals cover regulation of burial grounds; grave re-use and reclamation; closed and disused burial sites, and exhumation; rights afforded to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission; and cremation law. Feedback is invited from the public, specialists...

CASE HUB (NOTE—appeal lodged before the Court of Justice in Case C- 539/18) ARCHIVED —this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the judgment of 26 September 2018; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline, commentary and related cases. Case facts Outline Case T-621/16, České dráhy v Commission (Twins) — an appeal before the General Court challenging the European Commission’s decision to order inspections under Article 20 of Regulation 1/2003, connected to the ongoing so-called Twins investigation (AT.40401). Latest development On 20 June 2018, the General Court delivered its judgment, by which it dismissed an action brought for annulment of the Commission’s decision that authorised dawn raids in question. Parties Applicant: České dráhy (CD), the principal railway operator in the Czech Republic. Defendant: the European Commission. Background The Commission’s ongoing Twins (AT.40401) probe concerns alleged infringements of Article 101 TFEU relating to agreements or concerted practices intended to exclude rival rail passenger...

The rules regarding Scottish electronic documents and their execution are contained in: Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995 (RW(S)A 1995) Assimilated Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market (as amended by the Electronic Identification and Trust Services for Electronic Transactions (Amendment etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019) (UK eIDAS) Land Registration etc (Scotland) Act 2012 (LRE(S)A 2012) Electronic Documents (Scotland) Regulations 2014, SSI 2014/83 Land Registration etc (Scotland) Act 2012 (Commencement No 2 and Transitional Provisions) Order 2014, No 41 (C 4) (2014 Order) Land Register of Scotland (Automated Registration) etc Regulations 2014, SSI 2014/347 Legal Writings (Counterparts and Delivery) (Scotland) Act 2015 (LW(CD)(S)A 2015) The Law Society of Scotland has produced a third edition of its guidance on electronic execution of documents: Law Society of Scotland—Electronic signatures guide (Third Edition). Assimilated law is the term used for retained EU law (‘REUL’) that continues in force after the...

ARCHIVED: This tracker is archived and no longer updated. For an overview of Court of Protection cases from 2025 onwards, see: Court of Protection—table of cases. P, Re (Property & Affairs Deputyship: Jurisdiction) [2024] EWCOP 77 (T2) Court of Protection determines it has jurisdiction to consider whether P’s mother should continue as property and affairs deputy The proceedings related to P, an adult who sustained a brain injury in an accident and had a substantial personal injury claim. His mother had been appointed by the Court of Protection as his property and affairs deputy, and the present decision addressed an application seeking to revoke that appointment. The litigation had been protracted. Earlier, the court permitted ‘closed material’ to be withheld from P’s parents to facilitate capacity assessments; for a summary of that ruling, see here. Despite that step, neither the Official Solicitor nor the court gained clarity about P’s condition or even his location. It was reported that P was now residing in Italy. HHJ Burrows concluded that...