PRACTICE NOTES
Offset arrangements in defence and public procurement: assessing bribery risk under the UK Bribery Act 2010
Offset arrangements occur when a bidder must provide, or is offered, extra investment, payments, or other industrial, commercial, or economic advantages as a prerequisite of its tender, typically as part of a public procurement arrangement or contract. Prevalent in the aerospace and defence sectors, these mechanisms are also known as offset agreements, industrial benefit, industrial participation, industrial co-operation, juste retour, or counter-trade. Buying states often insist on offsets to balance substantial procurement outlay, or to secure access to advanced technology or employment opportunities. Numerous jurisdictions embed offsets within bid evaluation criteria and attribute considerable weight to them when scoring tenders at the award stage.
Types of offset arrangement—direct or indirect
Direct offset
A direct offset links straight to the principal contract, for example producing a component within the buyer’s territory.
Indirect offset
An indirect offset arises when the supplier, or its government, must purchase or invest in activities not tied to the core deal. This might sit in the same sector or be wholly unconnected, yet still delivers alternative economic, industrial, or commercial advantages of value to the buyer state.
Acquisition of raw materials
A pledge to mobilise investment
Funding infrastructure
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