PRACTICE NOTES
Updated in April 2026
Introduction
Türkiye has stood at the centre of international politics owing to its role in the Syrian conflict along its southern border and its approach to refugees. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, as elsewhere, heavily influenced domestic policy and the economy. Disputes in the Mediterranean over the search for natural gas also stayed high on the agenda. Since the final quarter of 2018, the economy has endured recessionary conditions linked to the attempted coup d’état of 15 July 2016, marked by elevated inflation, costlier borrowing, and volatile exchange rates. Although economic projections were shaken in 2020 by the pandemic, Türkiye sought to blunt the fallout through the Economic Stability Shield programme unveiled on 18 March 2020, setting out nationwide supportive and preventative steps to lessen the economic damage, covering taxation, credit and labour-related matters. By late 2021, the Turkish lira had
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