PRACTICE NOTES
Recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in India
Recognition and the enforcement of arbitral awards in India are principally regulated by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 (ACA 1996), as amended, alongside the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 (CPC). Both domestic and overseas awards are implemented in the same fashion as a decree of an Indian court, including consent awards arising from party settlements. There is, nevertheless, a procedural divergence for enforcement depending upon the arbitration seat. Enforcement and execution of an India-seated arbitral award (a domestic award) fall under ACA 1996, Pt I, whereas awards seated abroad (foreign awards) are enforced pursuant to ACA 1996, Pt II. Part II of ACA 1996 incorporates, and gives effect to, the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958 (the New York Convention) and the Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the
Arbitration