Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Damages definition

What does Damages mean? In legal practice, damages are a money award ordered by a court to compensate a claimant (England & Wales, Northern Ireland) or pursuer (Scotland) for loss caused by breach of contract, tort/delict or a statutory wrong. The remedy is developed mainly by case law across the UK and Ireland, with some statutory modification. The aim is primarily compensatory: in tort/delict, to put the person in the position they would have been in but for the wrong; in contract, to protect the expectation interest (and sometimes the reliance interest). Heads of loss include general and special damages (common in personal injury),...

EU 2014 Competition Law Damages Directive: Private Enforcement Overview: Harm Presumption, Pass-on, Disclosure, Limitation, Joint Liability, and UK Implementation [Archived]

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

ARCHIVED –

This archived practice note sets out information on the EU Damages Directive and captures the position as at its commencement on 27 December 2014. It is not maintained or updated.

After nearly a decade of Debate, the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers endorsed a new EU directive on private damages actions for breaches of competition law (the Directive).

The Directive received formal adoption on 26 November 2014, following sign-off by the Parliament and Council, and appeared in the Official Journal on 5 December 2014; it took effect on 27 December 2014, with Member States afforded two years from that date to transpose its measures into domestic law.

The Directive is intended to guarantee that anyone suffering loss caused by an infringement of competition law can effectively pursue full compensation.

Its overarching purpose is to tackle obstacles to the effective enforcement of competition rules in the majority of Member States and to set minimum standards and common approaches within the relevant procedural rules...

To view the latest version of this document and thousands of others like it, sign-in with LexisNexis or register for a free trial.

Suzanne Rab

Serle Court

Suzanne Rab is a barrister specialising in UK and EU competition law and regulation. She has over 15 years of experience advising businesses, regulators and competition authorities on EU, UK and international competition law across the range of competition law, merger control and regulatory matters. She has particular experience advising on transactions and commercial agreements and practices, including in proceedings before the UK competition and regulatory authorities and the European Commission. She has worked on some of the most high profile merger, market and cartel investigations in Europe and the UK. Suzanne has advised on major cartel investigations, appeals and follow-on actions, including advising on the European Commission’s investigation under Article 101 TFEU in relation to air freight and appeal to the General Court and in relation to antitrust investigations into cartel activity in marine hoses.Suzanne has particular experience advising on the...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

Popular documents

Using the Judicial College Guidelines to assess general damages in personal injury claims

When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...

Tomlin orders in England and Wales: CPR guidance on drafting, confidentiality, approval, variation, enforcement, limitation, CCA issues, court-specific requirements, sample wording and precedents

This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...

Precedent: Deed of Surrender of Lease with Optional Premium, Settlement and Release, Landlord, Mortgagee and Guarantor Consents, Reimbursement and HM Land Registry Provisions (England and Wales)

Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...

Precedent Statutory Declaration: Standard Wording under the Statutory Declarations Act 1835

I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...