Alternative service under CPR PD 6A in England and Wales: NFTs, email, social media and data rooms; service on solicitors and persons unknown; safeguards on redaction, comity and password protection
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Different examples of alternative service
CPR PD 6A, para 9.3, lists various illustrations of alternative service. In the last few years, courts have adopted a broad array of such orders, reflecting growing dependence on technology; judges have permitted service via tools like airdrop, data rooms and social media channels in practice. These routes have also proved effective where unknown defendants are concerned. At times, one alternative method must be paired with another; for instance, an order permitting airdrop has stipulated delivery by email. Despite the expansion of different techniques, the central purpose of service remains unchanged: to bring the documents squarely to the attention of the person to be served. In many situations, email will be the most fitting route to achieve that aim. That proliferation should not distract from the fundamental objective of service, namely alerting the party to the proceedings and the documents in issue. Accordingly, selecting the channel most likely to secure notice is critical, and in matters the simplicity and reach of email makes it the obvious choice. Where the court is asked to authorise alternative service on a defendant abroad, it must equally be borne in mind that CPR 6.40 applies, which precludes the use...
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Web page updated on 30/05/2026
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