Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Safeguards definition

What does Safeguards mean? In legal practice, safeguards refers to the systems, records, reporting and inspections that account for nuclear material and verify its non‑diversion to nuclear weapons or other prohibited uses. It is a term of art in nuclear regulation and international law. In the UK, it is used in legislation (notably the Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018 and the Nuclear Safeguards (EU Exit) Regulations 2019) and administered by the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR); in Ireland it is applied under the Euratom Treaty, with the European Commission and the iaea conducting Euratom/IAEA safeguards. Core features include material control and accounting (MC&A), facility...

WTO Safeguards: GATT Article XIX and the Agreement on Safeguards - Criteria, Procedure, MFN, Forms, Duration and Suspension of Concessions

Published by a LexisNexis International Trade expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note sets out the fundamental concepts of safeguard measures as provided in the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) Agreement on safeguards and Article XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947 (GATT 1947). It highlights the key points relevant to safeguards, including what amounts to a safeguard measure, when a Member State may deploy such measures, their content, form and duration, the domestic investigative procedure, and the need to maintain an equivalent level of concessions and obligations towards affected Member States.

Introduction to safeguard measures

Since the GATT 1947, Member States have had the authority to employ safeguard measures to prevent or repair serious injury to their domestic industries. These measures are not directed at unfair trade practices, such as dumping or subsidies; rather, they function as a safety value within fair trade. This safety value offers temporary relief by restricting imports, allowing domestic industry time to adjust to heightened import competition. It also helps ensure that Member States do not exit agreements merely to protect local producers. As from 1 January 1995 the original provision relating to safeguard...

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Web page updated on 27/05/2026

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