Article 101(1) TFEU: EU prohibition on restrictive agreements—undertakings, agreements/concerted practices, effect on trade, object or effect, de minimis, ancillary restraints, enforcement and nullity
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A central tenet of EU competition law is that rival undertakings operate on markets without coordinating their conduct. Generally, active rivalry is expected to deliver maximum consumer welfare, allocate resources most efficiently and, in the context of the EU single market, advance deeper market integration. The European Commission (the Commission), along with other regulators such as national competition authorities, is therefore cautious about arrangements that could soften competitive pressure or remove the commercial uncertainty that should exist between competitors. Nevertheless, businesses may have sound reasons to conclude agreements that include provisions or obligations with the potential to limit competition. This is particularly so where such arrangements are designed to create or encourage beneficial outcomes (efficiencies) that would not materialise in the absence of the restriction embedded in the agreements. Cooperation may sometimes be needed to realise otherwise unattainable efficiencies. EU competition policy seeks to calibrate a balance between preserving effective competition (notably, by outlawing illegitimate collusion) and securing the advantages that stem from, and are frequently only attainable through, cooperation...
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Web page updated on 21/05/2026
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Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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