Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

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Key definition

Artificial intelligence definition

What does Artificial intelligence mean? In legal practice, artificial intelligence describes computational systems that perform tasks associated with human cognition—such as recognising patterns, generating content, making predictions or decisions—and that can learn or adapt from data or stimuli. It includes machine learning (including deep learning), generative AI (such as large language models), speech and natural language processing, computer vision, robotics and autonomous systems. Across England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, “AI” is a descriptive term used in multiple legal contexts rather than a settled statutory definition; related concepts such as profiling and automated decision-making appear in the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act...

Artificial intelligence and UK data protection compliance: ICO guidance, UK GDPR principles, controller/processor roles, DPIAs, automated decision-making, explainability and generative AI (with DUAA 2025 developments)

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Practice notes

STOP PRESS:

On 19 June 2025, the Data (Use and Access) Bill obtained Royal Assent, became the Data (Use and Access) ACT 2025 (DUAA 2025), and partially commenced on that day. Provisions addressing, for example, responses to data subject access requests and the grant of powers to make additional regulations took effect immediately on 19 June 2025, and applied from that date. By contrast, a further tranche, including measures on Information Commissioner notices and certain facets of law enforcement processing, started on 19 August 2025, being two months from the date of Royal Assent. In practical terms, the bulk of DUAA 2025 will only begin once further regulations—issued as statutory instruments—are made to bring those sections into force. Parts 5 and 6 of DUAA 2025 modify aspects of the United Kingdom’s Data protection and ePrivacy regime, encompassing the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR), the Data Protection Act 2018, and the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, SI 2003/2426...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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