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United Kingdom
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Key definition
EC definition

What does EC mean? In legal practice, “EC” is used as shorthand for two distinct concepts: 1. European Commission: The executive arm of the European Union. While “EC” is not a defined statutory term, the Commission is established by the EU Treaties. UK and Irish lawyers encounter “EC” in EU law and competition law materials, case citations, merger control decisions, and references to pre‑Lisbon instruments titled “Regulation (EC) No …”. Post‑Brexit, the term persists in retained EU law, parallel UK/EU investigations, and cross‑border regulatory matters. 2. Emergency controller: A role title found in emergency planning and health and safety practice (for example, COMAH sites, construction...

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Connected and autonomous vehicles: privacy, data protection and cybersecurity—GDPR/PECR, PSTIA and NIS duties; controller/processor roles, DPIAs, portability, transfers and disclosures, supply chain considerations, and EU/UNECE developments

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Practice notes
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This Practice Note explores the following data protection, privacy and security matters arising in connection with the use of autonomous and connected vehicle technology:

  • The technology
  • Declaration of Amsterdam
  • Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS)
  • United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation
  • Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003
  • Cybersecurity
  • The Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Act 2022
  • Connected and autonomous vehicles in the EU
  • International
  • Practical issues

For further detail and context on additional UK legal considerations linked to this technology, see the Practice Notes: Autonomous vehicles—key legal issues and Autonomous vehicles and insurance, and for a concise overview of dates and key points, see: UK automated vehicles—tracker. To monitor developments within the EU, also consult the Practice Notes: Automated vehicles—key legal issues in the EU and EU automated vehicles—tracker.

The technology

Contemporary vehicles already incorporate a suite of external communications, such as satellite navigation, in-car entertainment and emergency assistance, capable of automatically transmitting precise location data to the emergency services...

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James Boyle
James Boyle

James is a Partner in the Data Group of Mishcon's Innovation Department. He specialises in offering nuanced, strategic counsel in privacy and data protection matters. His clients are typically fast growth SaaS, AI and digital health businesses.  His work extends to breached credentials compliance projects for cybersecurity firms that safeguard key industrial sectors. He has also consulted on data residency and hosting structures for fraud prevention networks that handle in excess of 300 million transactions annually, and designed and implemented global privacy training modules, delivered to over 100,000 staff members in publicly-listed companies. He leads the outsourced Data Protection Officer and EU Representative service lines....

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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