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United Kingdom
Key definition
Article 102 definition

What does Article 102 mean? In practice, “Article 102” refers to the EU competition law rule that bans undertakings with market power from abusing a dominant position in a substantial part of the internal market where the conduct affects trade between Member States. It is set out in Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and shaped by extensive Court of Justice case law. Core features include: proof of dominance (the ability to act independently of competitive constraints); no need to show intent; and an abuse that is exploitative (for example, unfair pricing) or exclusionary (for example, predatory pricing,...

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Abuse of dominance in Bulgarian gas: European Commission Article 102 TFEU decision against BEH group (AT.39849); €77m fine; General Court appeal (T‑136/19)

Practice notes
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CASE HUB NOTE—appeal lodged before the General Court in Case T- 136/19

See further timeline, commentary and related/relevant cases.

Case facts

Outline European Commission Article 102 TFEU inquiry into Bulgarian Energy Holding (BEH), Bulgargaz and Bulgartransgaz (gas Infrastructure) (case AT.39849).

Latest development

On 17 December 2018, the Commission delivered its Infringement decision. The Commission imposed a fine of €77,068,000 on BEH, Bulgargaz and Bulgartransgaz, for which they are jointly and severally liable...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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