Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Article 101 definition

What does Article 101 mean? In practice, Article 101 is the EU competition law rule that bans anti‑competitive agreements and concerted practices—such as cartels, price‑fixing, market‑sharing, bid‑rigging and resale price maintenance—where they prevent, restrict or distort competition and affect trade between EU member States. It covers agreements between undertakings, decisions of associations of undertakings and informal coordination; the test is whether the conduct has an anti‑competitive object or effect. The rule is set out in Article 101 TFEU and developed by Court of Justice case law. Prohibited agreements are void and can attract fines and damages claims. Exemptions may apply under Article 101(3) where...

EU car battery recycling purchasing cartel lowering scrap battery prices: Commission Article 101 decision, €68m fines, leniency outcomes and General Court appeals (AT.40018)

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

CASE HUB (appeals lodged at General Court in Case T- 361/17 (Eco-Bat), Case T- 240/17 (Campine) and Case T- 222/17 (Recylex)) ARCHIVED –this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 8 February 2017; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline and commentary.

Case facts

Outline: European Commission Article 101 TFEU probe into a price-fixing cartel in the car battery recycling sector (AT.40018).

Latest development

On 8 February 2017, the Commission adopted its infringement decision. Financial penalties on the four undertakings were as follows:

Johnson Controls – €0 after immunity was granted (avoiding a €38,481,300 fine)
Eco-Bat Technologies – €32,712,000, reflecting a 50% reduction under the Leniency Notice for co-operating with the Commission’s investigation
Recylex – €26,739,000, reflecting a 30% reduction under the Leniency Notice for co-operating with the Commission’s investigation
Campine – €8,158,000, including a 5% reduction to recognise its comparatively lesser role in the cartel than the other undertakings

The Commission also recorded that Campine’s leniency request was rejected for failing to reveal its participation in the cartel...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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