Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Style definition

What does Style mean? In legal practice, a style is a precedent or template for a document, used as a model when drafting similar documents (for example, contracts, deeds, pleadings, affidavits, company resolutions and wills). The term is descriptive rather than statutory; it is widely used in Scotland and understood across England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Ireland, where ‘precedent’ is more common. A style typically provides boilerplate wording, standard clauses and optional alternatives (often shown in square brackets), sometimes with drafting notes. Styles appear in firm house-style collections and published style books or formbooks. Practitioners must adapt any style to the client’s facts, transaction, forum...

EU competition: CJEU dismisses Commission appeal in C‑287/11; upholds annulment of copper fittings cartel fines for insufficient proof of a single and continuous infringement

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

CASE HUB ARCHIVED

This archived case hub records the position as at the judgment dated 4 July 2013 and is no longer maintained. For further details, see: timeline, commentary and related/relevant cases.

Case facts

Outline

The European Commission appealed against the General Court’s judgment which, in so far as it related to Aalberts Industries NV and two of its subsidiaries, annulled the Commission’s decision and the fines for participation in a cartel affecting the European market for copper and copper‑alloy fittings from 1998 to 2004. Aalberts and its two subsidiaries filed a cross‑appeal in the event the Court of Justice were to uphold the Commission’s appeal. The case turns chiefly on the concept of a ‘Single continuous infringement’ and, in particular, the evidential standard the Commission must satisfy to establish such conduct.

Parties

Appellant:

European Commission

Other parties:

Aalberts Industries NV (‘Aalberts’)
Comap SA (‘Comap’ and formerly Aquatis France SAS)
Simplex Armaturen + Fittings GmbH & Co KG (‘Simplex’)

Aalberts is the holding company of an international industrial group listed on the Euronext Securities Market in Amsterdam (the Netherlands)...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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