Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Style definition

What does Style mean? In legal practice, a style is a precedent or template for a document, used as a model when drafting similar documents (for example, contracts, deeds, pleadings, affidavits, company resolutions and wills). The term is descriptive rather than statutory; it is widely used in Scotland and understood across England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Ireland, where ‘precedent’ is more common. A style typically provides boilerplate wording, standard clauses and optional alternatives (often shown in square brackets), sometimes with drafting notes. Styles appear in firm house-style collections and published style books or formbooks. Practitioners must adapt any style to the client’s facts, transaction, forum...

CJEU clarifies international and territorial jurisdiction for cartel damages under Brussels I Recast Article 7(2): place of purchase or claimant's registered office

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Practice notes

CASE HUB ARCHIVED

This archived case hub sets out the position as at the judgment dated 15 July 2021 and is no longer maintained. See the timeline for further detail.

Case facts Outline

Case C- 30/20, Volvo and Others - a national reference from Spain seeking clarification on the meaning of Article 7(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and Enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.

Latest developments

On 25 February 2021, the Court of Justice gave its judgment, finding, among other things, that where national law does not establish a specialised court, an undertaking that made purchases in several locations may bring proceedings before the court for the area in which its Registered office is located.

Parties

Applicant: RH
Defendants: AB Volvo; Volvo Group Trucks Central Europe GmbH; Volvo Lastvagnar AB; and Volvo Group España SA (together, Volvo)

Market: Trucks.

Background to reference Background

RH, domiciled in Córdoba (Spain), purchased five trucks from a Volvo Group España dealer between 2004 and 2009. The first of those vehicles was initially leased before RH acquired it in 2008. On 19...

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Web page updated on 27/05/2026

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