What does Cartels mean? In legal practice, a cartel is secret or coordinated conduct between competing businesses to remove or reduce rivalry. It typically involves price‑fixing, allocating customers or territories, bid‑rigging, limiting output, or exchanging commercially sensitive information so as to influence market outcomes. “Cartel” is a descriptive term. The underlying prohibitions are found in competition law: in the UK, the Chapter I prohibition in the Competition Act 1998 (mirroring Article 101 TFEU concepts of agreements and concerted practices between undertakings), and the criminal cartel offence for individuals under the Enterprise Act 2002. In Ireland, section 4 of the Competition Act 2002 (as amended) and...
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ARCHIVED — this archived case hub captures the position as at the decision dated 9 September 2017; it is no longer maintained.
An appeal was lodged against the General Court’s ruling that upheld the Commission’s decision of 5 December 2012, which found breaches of article 101 TFEU and Article 53(1) EEA and levied aggregate fines of €150.8m on Samsung group companies for alleged involvement in two separate cathode ray tube cartels (the ‘TV and computer monitor tubes cartels’). On 9 March 2017, the Court of Justice rejected the appeal in full, thereby confirming the penalties imposed jointly and severally on Samsung SDI and Samsung SDI Malaysia. The case remains significant as it constitutes one of the largest overall fines ever imposed for an EU competition law infringement, even after the General Court reduced penalties for certain other addressees. Among other points, Samsung’s appeal targeted aspects of the methodology for setting fines—including the determination of the relevant sales that the Commission is entitled to consider when establishing the amount of a fine...
When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...