Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Annulment definition

What does Annulment mean? Annulment is the family court process for obtaining a nullity order confirming that a marriage is either void (never legally valid) or voidable (valid unless and until annulled). It is used instead of divorce where a party challenges the marriage’s validity. In England and Wales, annulment (nullity of marriage) is governed by the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 and case law; in Northern Ireland by the Matrimonial Causes (Northern Ireland) Order 1978; in Scotland principally by the Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977 and case law; and in Ireland by the Family Law (Nullity of Marriage) Act 1995 and case law. Scots law provides...

EU air cargo cartel (Article 101 TFEU): General Court 2022 judgments on Commission’s 2017 readopted decision, with partial annulments, fine reductions and appeals pending

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

CASE HUB NOTE-appeals lodged before the Court of Justice in Cases C- 378/22 P, C- 375/22 P, C- 370/22 P, C- 369/22 P and C- 367/22 P, C- 382/22 P, C- 381/22 P, C- 380/22 P, C- 379/22 P, C- 378/22 P, Case C- 385/22, C- 386/22 and C- 403/22 ARCHIVED

This archived case hub captures the position as at the 30 March 2022 judgment date; it is not updated. See the timeline for more details.

Case facts

Outline

Proceedings before the General Court sought to annul, or materially reduce, the fines set by the Commission in its readopted infringement decision of 17 March 2017. That decision found a breach of article 101 TFEU and imposed aggregate penalties of €776m on 11 airline groups for taking part in a price‑fixing cartel in the air cargo market (AT.39258).

Outcome

On 30 March 2022, the General Court delivered its rulings, partially setting aside the Commission’s 17 March 2017 readopted decision and cutting certain airlines’ fines owing to errors in the Commission’s investigation. The Court, however, rejected the other carriers’ actions and confirmed the fines maintained by the Commission. This is the second time...

To view the latest version of this document and thousands of others like it, sign-in with LexisNexis or register for a free trial.

Web page updated on 28/05/2026

Popular documents

Using the Judicial College Guidelines to assess general damages in personal injury claims

When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...

Tomlin orders in England and Wales: CPR guidance on drafting, confidentiality, approval, variation, enforcement, limitation, CCA issues, court-specific requirements, sample wording and precedents

This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...

Precedent: Deed of Surrender of Lease with Optional Premium, Settlement and Release, Landlord, Mortgagee and Guarantor Consents, Reimbursement and HM Land Registry Provisions (England and Wales)

Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...

Precedent Statutory Declaration: Standard Wording under the Statutory Declarations Act 1835

I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...