Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

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Key definition

Consultants definition

What does Consultants mean? In construction and development projects, consultants are the professional advisers engaged by the employer (client) to deliver design, cost management and project management services. The term is descriptive rather than defined by legislation or case law, though standard forms (for example JCT, NEC, RIAI and GCCC) may define it for contract purposes. Typical consultants include the architect, quantity surveyor, project manager, structural or civil engineer, and building services (MEP) engineer. They are often referred to collectively as the professional team. Key legal features include appointment under a professional services agreement, a duty to exercise reasonable skill and care (fitness...

Third‑party charitable fundraising: legal requirements for professional fundraisers, commercial participators and trustees, agreements, disclosures and sanctions (England and Wales)

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Practice notes

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Fundraising

Raising funds can be viewed as a discipline, a body of specialist know‑how, and a profession in its own right. Many charities maintain in‑house fundraising teams and also bring in external advisers—‘professional fundraisers’—to generate income for them. Charities may likewise enter arrangements with ‘commercial participators’: typically businesses that promise a financial benefit to the charity while selling their own goods or services, incorporating the charitable element into their promotion. The Charities Act 1992 (CA 1992), as amended by the Charities Act 2006 (CA 2006) and supporting regulations, sets out detailed duties for professional fundraisers and commercial participators, alongside specific constraints on their agreements with charities, designed to protect the charity rather than the other party. For completeness, CA 2006 has for most purposes been replaced by the consolidating Charities Act 2011 (CA 2011), as amended by the Charities (Protection and Social Investment) Act 2016 and the Charities Act 2022 (CA 2022). Accordingly, a charity may seek an injunction to restrain unauthorised fundraising and/or to prevent the repetition of an inaccurate or non‑compliant statement that charitable contributions...

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Francesca Quint

Radcliffe Chambers

Professional backgroundFrancesca Quint is best known as a specialist in charity law, an area in which she has been working for the whole of her career to date. Her interest in charity law dates from the time when she was reading law as an undergraduate at King's College, London.Professional expertiseCharity law naturally overlaps with distinct areas of law in which Francesca also practises which impinge on the activities of charities. These include education, housing, ecclesiastical law and aspects of public law. It also extends to those areas which affect people who wish to support charities, such as wills, trusts and tax, in which Francesca is often asked to advise regardless of any specific charity involvement.A good deal of Francesca's work is non-contentious but she often finds herself advising charities in trouble, whether financial, constitutional or regulatory, or acting for one side or another in...

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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