Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Cloud computing definition

What does Cloud computing mean? Cloud computing describes the provision of computing resources (such as infrastructure, platforms and software—often referred to as IaaS, PaaS and SaaS) over the internet by a third‑party provider, on an on‑demand, scalable, multi‑tenant basis. The term originated from network diagrams depicting the internet as a “cloud”, but in legal practice it now refers to remote hosting and delivery of IT services. It is a descriptive expression rather than a single statutory term, though specific regimes (for example the UK’s NIS Regulations and Irish/EU NIS framework) define “cloud computing service” for cybersecurity oversight. Usage and legal issues are broadly consistent across...

Cloud computing and data protection: UK and EU GDPR obligations, Article 28 processor terms, sub‑processing, international transfers, enforcement, and negotiating cloud contracts

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Practice notes

In brief

data protection regimes across the EEA (the EU together with Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein) and the UK aim to ensure information about living people (within the meaning of 'personal data') is handled fairly and responsibly, in both the EEA and the UK. To achieve that, both EEA and UK data protection rules place extensive and numerous duties on those 'processing' personal data and on controllers overseeing such activity. 'Processing' is interpreted broadly, covering most actions performed on data, including storing, deleting, collecting, disclosing or using it. A key safeguard under both EEA and UK data protection laws is the suite of obligations imposed on 'controllers' (typically those who determine the purposes and means of processing) and 'processors' (those that process personal data for a controller in line with the controller's instructions). Among other matters, EEA and UK data protection laws usually require controllers and processors both to enter into contracts containing certain minimum provisions and also to ensure any processor(s) they appoint are suitable. In a cloud computing arrangement, the end customer commonly acts as controller and the supplier as its processor. This Practice Note introduces the requirements under EEA and UK data protection laws in the context of...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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