Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Appeal definition

What does Appeal mean? An appeal is the process for challenging a decision and asking a higher court, tribunal or internal decision-maker to review it, for example after a disciplinary or dismissal outcome, or a court or tribunal judgment. The term is descriptive; the available routes, time limits and tests are set by statute and procedural rules (e.g., CPR Part 52 in England & Wales), not by a single definition. Key features across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland include: strict filing deadlines; permission/leave in many cases; defined grounds of appeal (typically error of law or procedural unfairness; factual findings are rarely...

Practitioner Guide to Collective Proceedings in the UK Competition Appeal Tribunal: Certification, Opt-in/Opt-out, Class Representation, Damages, Settlements and Funding

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

Legislative changes effective from 1 October 2015 created a right to collective redress for those affected by anti-competitive behaviour. This includes an opt-out mechanism, enabling an appointed class representative to recover damages for all comparably placed individuals who have not expressly chosen to withdraw. For a general overview of the UK private actions landscape, see UK damages actions...

Overview of the process

The summary below outlines the collective procedure before the Competition appeal Tribunal (CAT) and highlights key distinctions from litigation in the High Court. Topics addressed include:

sources of authority
how claims are commenced
issue of the collective proceedings order
rights of class members, and
distribution of awards

Sources of authority

The CAT does not directly apply the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) governing cases in the High Court and County Court. It operates under its own procedural framework, the CAT Rules (the Rules). These are supplemented by the CAT’s Guide to Proceedings, reissued on 1 October 2015 (the Guide). Under the Rules, the Guide has the status of a Practice Direction. The Court of Appeal...

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Richard Pike

Fieldfisher

Richard is a Partner at Fieldfisher, specialising in antitrust litigation. He has acted for defendants but is usually instructed by claimants, both in standalone and follow-on actions relating to cartels and other forms of competition infringement in the UK and EU. He acts for individual clients and for large groups (whether through the collective action regime or otherwise). As a litigator, he has many years of experience in the Competition Appeal Tribunal as well as in the High Court. His notable cases include the successful defence of Shell in OFT infringement proceedings brought in relation to tobacco retailing as well as a series of cases for Hutchison. His competition damages experience includes acting for defendants in claims based on the paraffin wax and refrigeration compressors cartels. He has also had some involvement with class actions in the United States, where he studied and was...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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