Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

EEA Competition Law: ESA and EFTA Court roles, homogeneity, antitrust, State aid, merger control, and EU-EEA case allocation

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

The European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

Founded in 1960 by Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Switzerland, Sweden, the UK and Austria, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a trading organisation. It was set up as an intergovernmental body to advance free trade and economic integration among its Convention States, thereby offering an alternative to the newly formed European Economic Community (EEC), which later evolved into the European Community (EC) and ultimately the European Union (EU). Finland acceded in 1961, Iceland in 1970, and Liechtenstein in 1991 respectively. By then, Denmark, Portugal and the UK had departed EFTA to enter the EEC. In 1989, EC and EFTA Member States together agreed to negotiate a free trade pact creating ‘a single market’ spanning the EC (now EU) and the EFTA States. The European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement formally came into effect on 1 January 1994. At that point, EFTA comprised Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. Switzerland did not sign the EEA Agreement, and Austria, Finland and Sweden subsequently exited EFTA to join the EU. Today, the 31 contracting parties to the EEA Agreement include all 27 EU Member States, the EU itself, and the three EFTA countries—Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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