Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

B2C definition

What does B2C mean? B2C describes transactions and contracts in which a trader supplies goods, services or digital content to an individual acting for purposes wholly or mainly outside their trade, business, craft or profession (a consumer). It is a widely used shorthand in commercial and consumer law, not a statutory term; however, “consumer” and “trader” are defined in legislation. In England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, B2C contracts are primarily governed by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (quality, remedies and unfair terms), the Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 (pre-contract information, distance/off‑premises 14‑day cancellation) and the Consumer Protection from...

Incorporating UK consumer terms and conditions: common law, online methods, and fairness/transparency under CRA 2015 and DMCCA 2024

Published by a LexisNexis Commercial expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note outlines the issues to address when incorporating business-to-consumer (B2C) standard terms and conditions. It reviews the relevant Common law principles, how terms are incorporated online, and the effect of the unfair terms provisions in the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (CRA 2015) on producing enforceable terms.

EU case law before and after Brexit

This Practice Note cites a number of EU decisions interpreting Directive 93/13/EEC (OJ L 95/29), the EU Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Directive (EU UTCCD), which the CRA 2015 re-implemented into UK law. Broadly, EU judgments issued on or before 31 December 2020 remain binding on UK courts and tribunals (even if the EU courts later depart) until UK courts choose to diverge. Accordingly, UK courts and tribunals must take into account any criteria provided by the Court of Justice when assessing fairness or transparency, where those criteria are set out in case law predating 1 January 2021. In general, EU case law made after 31 December 2020 is not binding on the UK, although UK courts and tribunals could continue to have regard to...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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