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Key definition
Estate definition

What does Estate mean? In practice, “estate” describes either: (1) the nature and duration of a person’s proprietary interest in land; or (2) the aggregate property of a person, commonly on death or bankruptcy. England & Wales and Northern Ireland: An estate in land denotes the time-based interest, not the land itself. Statute and case law limit legal estates primarily to freehold (fee simple absolute in possession) and leasehold (term of years absolute), with other interests (for example, life interests and beneficial interests under a trust) arising in equity. This concept underpins conveyancing, security, priorities and land registration. Ireland: Under the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform...

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COVID-19: key issues in real estate finance—valuations, LTV breaches, rent arrears protections, CVAs, development delays, insurance and HM Land Registry (England and Wales)

Practice notes
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This Practice Note has been archived and is not being maintained.

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Lawyers worldwide have been contending with shared concerns arising from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Several themes are of particular significance to banking & finance practitioners. For deeper insight, consult Practice Note: Coronavirus (COVID-19) implications for Banking & Finance lawyers, which collates news, practical guidance and analysis on the evolving impact of COVID-19. This Practice Note highlights the principal issues relevant to real Estate finance during the COVID-19 period.

For broader lending considerations triggered by the COVID-19 outbreak, see:

  • Practice Notes: Coronavirus (COVID-19)—implications for lending Transactions
  • Coronavirus (COVID-19)—Banking & Finance frequently asked questions [Archived]

Impact on real estate finance

COVID-19 has cut to the core of most real estate finance (REF) deals, influencing asset valuations, rental cashflow and construction timetables. Both lenders and borrowers should scrutinise their finance documents carefully to identify clauses potentially affected by the pandemic, and revisit them regularly as differing issues emerge as the transaction...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...

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I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...

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