Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

security definition

What does security mean? In legal practice, security means money or other assets provided as a guarantee that a legal obligation will be performed, with forfeiture if it is not. In criminal proceedings, it most often refers to a cash deposit or equivalent required as a condition of bail to secure a defendant’s attendance at court and compliance with bail; failure to surrender may lead to forfeiture. The concept and procedures are set by bail legislation and court rules in each jurisdiction. Practice varies: in England & Wales and Northern Ireland, courts commonly take recognisances, with or without sureties, and may require a...

Cybersecurity in international arbitration: threats, AI risks, responsibilities, institutional rules and practical measures for parties, counsel, arbitrators, experts and institutions

Published by a LexisNexis Arbitration expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note considers cybersecurity in international arbitration.

An introduction to cybercrime and cybersecurity in international arbitration

A single arbitration may draw in many actors from varied jurisdictions—parties, funders and insurers, arbitrators, counsel, experts, witnesses, the administering arbitral institution or another organising body, plus external service providers—collectively, the ‘Participants’. Within the process, they exchange material that is not publicly available. Unauthorised access could cause commercial harm, sway share prices, reshape corporate strategies or even government policy. The result of a case can reverberate through financial markets; obtaining a draft award before it is issued to the parties could be highly profitable for cyber criminals. Accordingly, the arbitral process is a target for cyber attacks, especially where hackers can locate a weak link in the chain of custody.

Because arbitration’s speed and practicality rely on digital information-sharing among multiple parties, institutions and organisations, on diverse platforms and across jurisdictions, cybersecurity is fundamental to arbitration’s continued viability as the preferred mechanism for resolving cross-border disputes. Accordingly, there is an increasing consensus among...

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Charlie Morgan

Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer

Charlie is a senior dispute resolution lawyer specialising in international arbitration. He helps clients effectively and efficiently to resolve complex international disputes across a broad range of jurisdictions.Charlie is a senior dispute resolution lawyer with a focus on international arbitration. He also co-founded the firm's Digital Law Group.Charlie has acted as counsel and advocate in ad hoc and institutional arbitrations in a number of jurisdictions and under various governing laws. He has broad experience of advising on international disputes, particularly in the energy and technology sectors....

Jerome Temme

Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer

Jerome specialises in international arbitration and public international law. He is based in London and has previously spent time in our Paris office and on secondment to a client in the energy sector.Jerome has experience acting for clients in international disputes under various arbitration rules such as LCIA, ICC, SCC, UNCITRAL and ICSID, as well as in arbitration-related proceedings before the English High Court.He is qualified as a solicitor in England & Wales and is also a qualified solicitor advocate.Jerome holds degrees in law and international relations from the University of Oxford and Sciences Po Paris. He speaks German, French and Mandarin....

Vanessa Naish

Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer

Vanessa is the Arbitration Practice Manager and a Professional Support Consultant at Herbert Smith Freehills LLP, working with clients and colleagues globally on complex issues relating to arbitration, dispute resolution and the enforcement of arbitral awards and judgments. She also advises on public international law, in particular on state immunity, investment protection and investor-state dispute settlement. Vanessa is an editor of the firm’s arbitration and PIL blogs and an author and editor of various other internal and external publications. Vanessa also supports the management of Herbert Smith Freehills’ global arbitration practice in business planning and strategy development. Vanessa's particular areas of interest include alternative fee arrangements, difficult legal issues arising out of the complex interactions of multiple laws and arbitral procedure....

Isabella Piasecka

Mishcon de Reya

Isabella is an Associate and a Professional Support Lawyer for the Reputation Protection group, within Mishcon Private. She has extensive experience of reputation-related disputes, including issues of defamation, privacy and data protection. Isabella has been involved in high-profile media litigation and advised clients both pre- and post-publication, often on an urgent basis. Previously, she worked as a journalist for a number of respected publications. Isabella provides technical support to the team and assists with training, professional development and know-how. ...

Isabella Salame

Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer

Isabella is an associate in the Construction and Infrastructure Disputes practice within the International Arbitration Group.Isabella joined Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer in 2023 and is currently based in London, having also spent six months with the International Arbitration group in Singapore.With experience in international arbitration and adjudication, Isabella advises clients on complex, high-value construction disputes across a range of industries and jurisdictions. She has acted in arbitrations under the rules of various institutions, including the ICC, LCIA, SIAC and TAI. ...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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