Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Application definition

What does Application mean? An application is a procedural request asking a court to make an order, typically during the life of proceedings (an interim/interlocutory application) but sometimes disposing of an issue finally. The concept is descriptive rather than statutorily defined; content and procedure are set by court rules and case law in each jurisdiction. England and Wales: under the Civil Procedure Rules, applications are made by application notice (cpr Part 23), on notice or without notice, supported by evidence (usually a witness statement), and subject to filing fees, service and time limits. Common applications include extensions of time, summary judgment, security...

Deepfakes: technology, uses and harms with UK legal responses—civil and criminal liability, data protection, IP, Online Safety Act, DUAA 2025, platform policies and detection controls

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Practice notes

This Practice Note outlines UK Law as it relates to the use of deepfakes. A deepfake is audiovisual material created or altered with artificial intelligence to misrepresent a person or subject. The Practice Note explores:

what a deepfake is;
how deepfakes work; and
uses and Applications of deepfakes—including entertainment, parody, political satire and healthcare.

It also considers the application of UK law to deepfakes, the steps taken by social media platforms and search engines to tackle issues arising from deepfakes, and future technological Controls, including problem areas linked to technological and legislative or common law controls.

What is a deepfake?

The term blends ‘deep learning’ with ‘fake’. Ofcom’s Deepfake Defences Discussion Paper characterises a deepfake as audiovisual content generated or manipulated by AI that misrepresents someone or something. Such content often features individuals from the entertainment, fashion, or sports sectors. Increasingly, major industry players, such as Disney, are developing their own versions. Deepfakes have also targeted politicians, prompting growing concern about their spread and the potential effect on the democratic process.

How do deepfakes work?

They are produced by AI systems that generate or modify audiovisual material so it falsely represents someone or something...

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Oliver Lock

Farrer & Co

Oliver provides bespoke and innovative reputation management advice to high-profile individuals, family offices, charities, corporations and executives. He has particular expertise advising those in the entertainment industry and luxury brands sector on how to manage and respond to sensitive issues where there is a reputational risk.Oliver's experience includes privacy and defamation, contentious intellectual property law, data protection, Artificial Intelligence, harassment, blackmail and general crisis planning. He has particular experience of advising those in the film, television and theatre industry who are the subject of unwanted attention whether from the mainstream media, online attacks, paparazzi or obsessed individuals....

Web page updated on 27/05/2026

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