Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Members definition

What does Members mean? In pensions practice, members are the individuals who hold, or will hold, benefits under an occupational pension scheme—whether still accruing benefits, having left service with preserved benefits, receiving a pension, or holding rights created by pension sharing/adjustment orders. In the UK, the term is defined in the Pensions Act 1995, s 124 to include active, deferred, pensioner and pension credit members. Equivalent provisions apply in Northern Ireland. In Ireland, “member” is defined in the Pensions Act 1990 and usage is broadly consistent (covering current and former members and those in receipt of benefits), although Irish legislation does not...

Highways in England and Wales: public rights, classifications by traffic and maintenance, and definitions of key types

Published by a LexisNexis Local Government expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note

This Practice Note concerns the public’s legal entitlement to use vehicles, to ride a horse, or to drive animals along most highways. It outlines that the commonest ways of categorising highways are by the traffic allowed (for example, a footpath or bridleway) and by the maintaining authority (for example, a classified road or GLA road). It also provides an alphabetical list with descriptions of the principal highway types in England and Wales.

The essential public right over a highway is for any person to pass and re‑pass along its length. On the majority of highways—though not every one—there is, in addition, a lawful right to use vehicular transport and/or to ride a horse and/or to drive animals from one place to another.

The most usual classifications of highways into types are by permitted traffic and by maintenance authority. The classification of a highway by its permitted traffic has two sources:

at common law, the dedication (or deemed dedication) of a new highway can be limited to rights for specified traffic, ie as a footpath, as a bridleway or as a carriageway

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Nicholas Hancox

Nicholas Hancox Solicitors

Nicholas qualified in 1977. He specialises in Education Law, Local Government Law and Highways Law and has been authoring and editing for LexisNexis since 2000....

Alastair Frew

Lodders Solicitors

I am a partner in Lodders’ Real Estate Group and head of the Business Property team, having joined the firm in 2002. My clients often include business owners, commercial developers, private investors, and niche housebuilders, as well as the financial institutions that fund them. I also lead the Renewable Energy team at Lodders. In this team, we guide a growing number of landowners through the complex documentation needed for matters like forming a solar PV development, establishing a battery storage scheme, and incorporating a wind farm. I have published books through Law Brief Publishing on the subjects of highways and renewable energy, and regularly contribute to Lexis Nexis....

Piers Riley-Smith

Kings Chambers

Piers has a varied planning, environment, licensing and highways practice. Piers is ranked in Chambers and Partners 2023 where Clients have said: " Piers Riley-Smith is a strong planning junior”“An enthusiastic and excellent communicator as an advocate, and within the professional team.”Piers is ranked in the Legal 500 as a “Rising Star” and is noted as being “approachable and fully committed to the job in hand, providing good advice and giving a very positive impression to clients.’Planning and EnvironmentHe is regularly instructed by local authorities, developers and the wider public in planning inquiries. He has also been instructed by both local authorities and developers at local plan and neighborhood plan exams. He appears in the High Court and Court of Appeal on behalf of local authorities, and private companies or developers, and local resident groups. He also accepts pro bono briefs from the...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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