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Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

UK-EU TCA digital trade: data flows and localisation, e-contracts and e-authentication, source code, consumer protection, direct marketing, customs duties, open government data, regulatory cooperation and computer services

Practice notes
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This Practice Note offers practical guidance on digital trade under the UK‑EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement (UK‑EU TCA). It covers the following topics:

  • scope of digital trade
  • customs duties
  • prior authorisation requirements
  • formation of contracts by electronic means
  • electronic authentication
  • transfer of and access to source code
  • online consumer trust
  • direct marketing communication
  • open government data
  • cooperation on regulatory issues relating to digital trade
  • the understanding on computer services

Introduction

Following the UK’s decision to leave the European Union’s internal market (Brexit), the parties concluded a free trade agreement in December 2020. The UK‑EU TCA is wide‑ranging, addressing not only trade in goods but also services, investment, competition, and numerous other Brexit‑related matters. Among these is digital trade. Under the UK‑EU TCA, the digital trade chapter applies to all measures of either party that affect trade enabled by electronic means. However, it does not extend to audio‑visual services. Its scope therefore mirrors the work programme on e‑commerce at...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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