Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Performance definition

What does Performance mean? In copyright practice, performance means the live rendition of a literary, dramatic or musical work to an audience; doing so “in public” is a restricted act that normally requires the copyright owner’s permission/licence. This is set out in section 19 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (UK) and the Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000 (Ireland). Whether an act is “in public” is determined by context and case law; private or domestic use is excluded. For films and sound recordings, the analogous restricted act is showing or playing in public; online streaming is generally treated as communication or...

District heating and heat networks: technology, feasibility criteria, benefits, risks and UK deployment overview

Published by a LexisNexis Energy expert

Practice notes

What is district heating (DH)?

District heating—often called heat networks—supplies hot water or steam via a distribution of pipes to multiple homes, workplaces, or mixed‑use buildings for space heating and domestic hot water. Compared with generating heat within each dwelling through gas boilers or electric systems, this shared approach can deliver greater efficiency, reduced Costs, improved security of supply, and lower carbon intensity. For further details on the changing contractual and regulatory frameworks for DH in England and Wales, see the Practice Notes on the evolving contractual regime and the evolving regulatory regime for district heating networks.

Description of DH system

A typical DH arrangement comprises four core elements:

energy centre / heat source
heat network
heat interface unit
heat user

The energy centre is where heat is produced. Sources may include surplus heat from power generation or industrial activity, or dedicated plant such as combined heat and power units and boilers. Fuels feeding these installations can include biomass, geothermal, biogas, energy from waste (incinerated municipal solid waste), and grid gas...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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