Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Controls definition

What does Controls mean? In practice, controls are the user-facing settings (eg a cookie banner, preference centre or consent management platform) that let individuals accept, reject or later withdraw consent to cookies and similar tracking technologies. The term is descriptive rather than defined in statute, but requirements flow from PECR (UK) and the ePrivacy Regulations 2011 (Ireland), read with the UK GDPR/GDPR standard for consent and regulator guidance (ICO, DPC, EDPB). Key features: - No non-essential cookies before consent; essential cookies only for a service the user requests. - Granular choices by purpose/vendor, with “accept all” and “reject all” presented with equal prominence; no...

South Africa: Practical guide to corporate establishment, financing, exchange control, employment/BEE, contracting, tax, data protection, IP and competition law

Published by a LexisNexis Commercial expert

Practice notes

Revised in December 2025

Introduction

As one of the continent’s biggest economies, South Africa offers a strong springboard for Investment and commerce across Africa, especially in sub-Saharan markets. The country benefits from mature infrastructure and long-standing trading links with its neighbours. Businesses can adopt multiple structures when establishing operations in South Africa. This Practice Note outlines principal considerations for new entrants before commencing activities in the country. It is not a comprehensive manual, and tailored South African legal advice should always be obtained when forming and running a business locally.

South Africa has three spheres of government:

National
Provincial
Local

The National Assembly is the highest law-making authority, and its statutes apply nationwide. There are nine provinces, each with a legislature, a premier and an executive council. Although certain areas fall within the exclusive legislative remit of the National Assembly, provincial legislatures may craft their own laws and policies within the national framework to meet their specific...

To view the latest version of this document and thousands of others like it, sign-in with LexisNexis or register for a free trial.

Graeme Palmer

Garlicke & Bousfield Incorporated

Graeme graduated from the University of KwaZulu Natal with a BSocSci and LLB, thereafter completing a Certificate in Advanced Taxation and an LLM with the University of South Africa. After being admitted as an attorney in 2000 Graeme worked for a Durban firm before moving to London. During his five years in London he worked at the Official Receiver’s Insolvency Services and at the Companies Investigation Branch of the Department of Trade and Industry. He returned to South Africa in 2007 and practised at a local law firm before joining Garlicke & Bousfield as a Senior Associate in 2012. Graeme was appointed a Director in 2014 and practices in the Commercial Department specialising in tax law. He is a registered tax practitioner and the current author of three volumes of the Law of South Africa (LAWSA) on Revenue and Tax...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

Popular documents

Using the Judicial College Guidelines to assess general damages in personal injury claims

When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...

Tomlin orders in England and Wales: CPR guidance on drafting, confidentiality, approval, variation, enforcement, limitation, CCA issues, court-specific requirements, sample wording and precedents

This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...

Precedent: Deed of Surrender of Lease with Optional Premium, Settlement and Release, Landlord, Mortgagee and Guarantor Consents, Reimbursement and HM Land Registry Provisions (England and Wales)

Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...

Precedent Statutory Declaration: Standard Wording under the Statutory Declarations Act 1835

I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...