Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

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Key definition

EC definition

What does EC mean? In legal practice, “EC” is used as shorthand for two distinct concepts: 1. European Commission: The executive arm of the European Union. While “EC” is not a defined statutory term, the Commission is established by the EU Treaties. UK and Irish lawyers encounter “EC” in EU law and competition law materials, case citations, merger control decisions, and references to pre‑Lisbon instruments titled “Regulation (EC) No …”. Post‑Brexit, the term persists in retained EU law, parallel UK/EU investigations, and cross‑border regulatory matters. 2. Emergency controller: A role title found in emergency planning and health and safety practice (for example, COMAH sites, construction...

Recognising EU civil and commercial judgments in England and Wales under Brussels I (Reg 44/2001): procedure, refusal grounds, transitional and Brexit issues [Archived]

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Practice notes

E&W Brussels I—recognition of judgments [Archived]

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and no longer maintained. It offers guidance on seeking recognition of a judgment in the courts of England and Wales for enforcement under Regulation (EC) 44/2001, Brussels I. A judgment is only capable of recognition and enforcement under that regime where proceedings were commenced between 1 March 2002 and 9 January 2015. If this guidance does not apply, see: Which regime applies to enforce a foreign judgment?—checklist.

The Note examines Articles 32–37 of Regulation (EC) 44/2001 concerning the recognition of judgments, settlements, or authentic instruments. It summarises the general rules, then considers whether a formal application for recognition is required. It addresses applications for recognition both in England and Wales and in an EU Member State.

It also explores, in some detail, the possible bases for refusing recognition, including:

a judgment entered in default where the defendant did not appear
conflicting judgments within the same EU Member State
irreconcilable...

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Giles Wheeler , KC

Fountain Court Chambers

Giles Wheeler is a barrister at Fountain Court Chambers with a broad commercial practice. Giles has handled a wide range of commercial litigation, including many cases with an international dimension giving rise both to disputes over jurisdiction and to the application of foreign law. Giles has particular experience of banking disputes (including disputes concerning derivatives of various kinds) and professional negligence (including litigation arising from the collapse of the Guernsey-based Arch Cru investment funds, the collapse of Independent Insurance and the collapse of Barings Bank). Recent cases in which Giles has appeared include: Barclays Bank plc v UniCredit Bank [2014] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 59 (CA) and [2013] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 1, SPL v Arch Financial Products LLP and Farrell (judgment pending) and Roadchef Employee Benefit Trustees Limited v Ingram Hill [2014] EWHC 109 (Ch)....

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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