Jurisdiction(s):
European Union

Key definition

Entry into force definition

What does Entry into force mean? Entry into force describes the date on which a legal instrument starts to have legal effect, triggering obligations, rights and time limits. In UK and Irish practice, the parallel term coming into force is used for domestic Acts and statutory instruments: the operative date is set in the legislation or by a commencement order, and if none is given default rules bring it into force on the day of enactment. Entry into force is more commonly used for treaties and EU measures. For EU law, an act enters into force on the date it states; otherwise, on the twentieth day after...

EU Effort Sharing Decision 2009/406/EC—2013–2020 non-ETS national GHG targets, flexibilities and compliance; links to EU ETS; transition to Effort Sharing Regulation; UK revocation following Brexit

Published by a LexisNexis EU Law expert

Practice notes

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and is no longer maintained

Decision No 2009/406/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the effort of Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Community’s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020—latest consolidated version (July 2013)

Entry into force: 25 June 2009
Transposition deadline: n/a
Amendments: Annex III (List referred to in Article 15 of the Act of Accession: adaptations to acts adopted by the institutions—8. ENVIRONMENT) to Croatia’s Act of Accession to the European Union modifies Annex II of the ESD to reflect Croatia’s obligations, namely an 11% commitment
Subject: Climate Change—climate targets; Sources of environmental law—EU environmental law

Purpose and scope of the ESD

Under the 2020 EU Climate and Energy Package agreed in 2007, the EU pledged to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by a minimum of 20% by 2020 compared with 1990. At its March 2007 meeting, the European Council supported a more ambitious 30% EU target, contingent on the conclusion of an international climate agreement. The Paris Agreement was adopted on 12 December 2015 and took effect on 4 November 2016. For more...

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Laura Bolado

Laura worked in EU law for over two decades making it one her main area of expertise. In 2002 she worked for the European Commission (Brussels) and relocated to London in 2003 to work for the European Medicines Agency. There she gained first-hand experience on the functioning of the EU which she later applied in legal roles at pharmaceutical companies and law firms before turning to a more generalist approach to EU law at LexisNexis. At LexisNexis she helped develop and maintain EU Tracker (writing on the implementation of EU Directives in different EU jurisdictions, etc.) and assisted various departments with EU law matters in her EU Law Specialist capacity. Laura also delivered EU law training to several interns and legal professionals. Laura left LexisNexis in late 2013 to explore her options in different environments. In 2014 Laura lectured EU law at...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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