What does Recommendations mean? In legal practice, a Recommendation is an EU soft-law instrument used to signal the EU institutions’ preferred approach and to encourage Member States or other addressees to act, without creating enforceable rights or obligations. Provided for by Article 288 TFEU, Recommendations are non-binding, have no direct effect and do not impose legal duties on those to whom they are addressed. They are commonly used to guide policy implementation, align regulatory practice and indicate how existing EU law might be applied. Although lacking legal force, the Court of Justice of the European Union has held that courts should take Recommendations into consideration...
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The Energy Performance of Buildings (Scotland) Regulations 2025, SSI 2025/417 (EPC Regs 2025) repeal and supersede the Energy Performance of Buildings (Scotland) Regulations 2008, SSI 2008/309 (EPC Regs 2008), refreshing Scotland’s energy performance regime for all buildings. Regulations 11 and 12 of the EPC Regs 2025 take effect from 1 January 2026 to permit the approval of organisations and accreditation schemes, with the remainder commencing on 31 October 2026. Under the EPC Regs 2025, owners of non-domestic properties must supply valid Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) and Property Reports on sale or lease, and include EPC ratings in advertisements. Developers are required to provide EPCs and reports to owners within seven days of completion, and EPCs must be exhibited in qualifying public buildings. A new national energy performance register, revised assessment methods and local authority enforcement powers (including penalties up to £1,000) will be introduced to bolster transparency and compliance. How do EPCs apply to commercial property in Scotland? This Practice Note considers how the EPC Regs 2008, SSI 2008/309 (as amended) apply to commercial property in Scotland. The EPC Regs 2008 require...
When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...