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England and Wales environmental taxes, reliefs and incentives—2026 legislation and consultations tracker

Practice notes
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This tracker collates and outlines significant new laws and consultations in England and Wales relating to environmental taxes, reliefs and incentives. HM Treasury describes an environmental tax as one that satisfies these three principles:

  • the tax is clearly tied to the government’s environmental aims
  • the tax’s chief purpose is to drive behaviour change that benefits the environment, and
  • the tax is designed around environmental goals—eg the more polluting the activity, the higher the charge imposed

The following environmental taxes operate in England and Wales:

  • landfill tax—a charge due on waste disposals at authorised landfill sites and on certain specified landfill activities
  • climate change levy (CCL)—a compulsory tax on UK business energy consumption, applied at the point of supply as taxable supplies. The climate change agreement (CCA) scheme allows qualifying facilities to obtain a reduced rate (discount) on the CCL
  • aggregates levy—an environmental charge administered by HMRC on the commercial exploitation of aggregates in the UK
  • plastic packaging tax (PPT)—a duty on plastic packaging that fails to contain at least 30% recycled content, and
  • carbon floor price—a tax on fossil fuels used in the

These definitions reflect HM Treasury’s focus on environmental objectives across England and Wales and behaviour change goals...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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