Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Sanctions definition

What does Sanctions mean? Sanctions are the penalties or procedural consequences a court imposes in civil litigation when a party fails to comply with procedural rules, practice directions or court orders. Common sanctions include striking out or dismissing a claim or defence, debarring a party from relying on evidence or experts, costs orders (including indemnity or wasted costs), stays, unless orders with automatic strike-out on non-compliance, and, in serious cases, contempt remedies. In England and Wales, sanctions are imposed under the Civil Procedure Rules (for example CPR r.3.1, r.3.4, r.3.5, r.32.10 and r.3.14). A party may seek relief from sanctions under CPR r.3.9,...

Variable monetary penalties for environmental offences: legal framework, calculation, procedure, appeals, enforcement costs and 2023 uncapping (England and Wales)

Published by a LexisNexis Environment expert

Practice notes

Regulatory enforcement and sanctions Act 2008

The Regulatory Enforcement and Sanctions Act 2008 introduced new powers enabling regulators to address offences using six distinct forms of civil sanction, rather than initiating formal prosecutions. From 2010, the environment agency (EA) and Natural England (NE) were granted these powers in relation to a range of environmental offences. In 2015 the regime widened further, with the EA authorised to accept enforcement undertakings in respect of environmental permitting offences. In England, the Environmental Civil Sanctions (England) Order 2010, SI 2010/1157 applies; in Wales, the Environmental Civil Sanctions (Wales) Order 2010, SI 2010/1821 applies. Schedule 5 to each instrument specifies the sanctions available for particular offences set out in those orders. The EA commenced use of its civil sanctions powers on 4 January 2011, with NE following on 3 January 2012. Since 1 April 2013, Natural Resources Wales (NRW) has taken responsibility for enforcing environmental civil sanctions in Wales...

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Richard Macrory

University College London

Richard Macrory was the UK's first professor of environmental law, and is currently based in the Faculty of Laws, University College London where he founded the Centre for Law and the Environment. Professor Macrory has been a board member of the Environment Agency and was a member of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 1991 ' 2003. He has also been a specialist advisor to Select Committees in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. He is a Bencher of Grays Inn. In 2006 he was appointed by the Cabinet Office for lead a Review on Regulatory Sanctions covering nearly all areas of business regulation. All the recommendations in his Review were accepted by Government. Important new powers for regulators resulting from his Review are now contained in Part 3 of the Regulatory Enforcement and Sanctions Act 2008....

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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