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Offences and enforcement under the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016: EA/NRW sanctions, notices and High Court orders (England and Wales)

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The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 (EPR 2016), SI 2016/1154

EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154 is the primary framework for environmental permitting and compliance, applying across diverse activities and industries. All offences taking place on or after 1 January 2017 are prosecuted under EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154. For information on environmental permitting generally, see: Environmental permits and exemptions—overview.

For offences under EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154, the Environment Agency (EA) and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) may use a range of sanctions. The Regulations establish offences relating to:

  • waste
  • water quality
  • groundwater
  • radioactive substances

Waste operations charges can be brought under EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154, or the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (EPA 1990). Offences linked to water discharge activities or groundwater activities are commonly enforced through EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154, reg 38(1)(a), in respect of a breach of regulation 12(1)(b). See Practice Notes: Unauthorised or harmful deposit, treatment or disposal of waste and Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016—enforcement, offences and civil sanctions. The EA also publishes its EA Offence Response Options, which outline the types of enforcement action EA inspectors will consider for each offence...

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Web page updated on 20/05/2026

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