Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

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Key definition

Controls definition

What does Controls mean? In practice, controls are the user-facing settings (eg a cookie banner, preference centre or consent management platform) that let individuals accept, reject or later withdraw consent to cookies and similar tracking technologies. The term is descriptive rather than defined in statute, but requirements flow from PECR (UK) and the ePrivacy Regulations 2011 (Ireland), read with the UK GDPR/GDPR standard for consent and regulator guidance (ICO, DPC, EDPB). Key features: - No non-essential cookies before consent; essential cookies only for a service the user requests. - Granular choices by purpose/vendor, with “accept all” and “reject all” presented with equal prominence; no...

Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016: scope, regulators, offences, permits, applications, standard rules, variations, transfers, surrender, exemptions and forthcoming reforms

Published by a LexisNexis Environment expert

Practice notes

Introduction

Environmental permitting is among the principal environmental regulatory frameworks in the UK. Its purpose is to oversee and limit pollution and emissions into the environment arising from industrial and other operations across the UK. It forms a central strand of UK business regulation, created to manage and oversee activities that could pollute the environment or pose risks to human health. Permits place a suite of conditions on the design and build, running and, in due course, closure of a regulated installation, as well as stipulating how regulated activities are undertaken. The main regulators are the Environment Agency (EA) in England, Natural Resources Body for Wales (NRW), the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA). Local authorities likewise regulate the less polluting processes and sites. The lead government departments/bodies (the appropriate authorities) are the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) for England together with the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (the Secretary of State); Welsh Ministers; Scottish Ministers; and the Department of Agriculture, Environment & Rural Affairs in Northern Ireland. This Practice Note concentrates on the law applicable to England and Wales. For further information, see: Environmental...

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Craig Burman

Schofield Sweeney

Craig is a director and head of Schofield Sweeney’s Environmental and Regulatory team. He qualified as a barrister and solicitor in New Zealand and practiced in a broad mixture of contentious litigation matters before moving to the UK in 2001. Between 2008 and 2015 Craig worked in house at the Environment Agency, including as Principal Solicitor for Enforcement and Prosecutions (Yorkshire and North East), and then Regional Solicitor (Yorkshire and North East), before being appointed as the Senior Managing Lawyer of the national Enforcement and Prosecutions team. Craig advises on a wide range of contentious and non-contentious environmental matters including waste, water pollution, air pollution, packaging waste, environmental permit compliance, fisheries offences, noise and odour, drainage and flooding, contaminated land, REACH compliance, fracking and agricultural matters. Craig advises on a wide range of other regulatory compliance matters and acts for a number of...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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