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European Union

EU Ambient Air Quality Directive 2024/2881 (recast): tighter WHO-aligned limits, monitoring supersites, air quality plans, public information, enforcement, and a right to compensation for pollution-related health damage

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Practice notes
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Background to the original Ambient Air Quality Directives

Until 2024, EU controls on ambient air quality were mainly defined in two laws, Directive 2008/50/EC and Directive 2004/107/EC (together known as the Ambient Air Quality Directives, or AAQDs). These introduced comparable rules for air quality assessment, air quality management, and the dissemination of air quality information to the public for different pollutant groups.

Directive 2008/50/EC covers:

  • particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
  • nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
  • sulphur dioxide (SO2)
  • benzene
  • carbon monoxide
  • lead
  • ozone

Directive 2004/107/EC covers:

  • arsenic
  • cadmium
  • nickel
  • mercury
  • benzo(a)pyrene, and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)

A fitness check on the AAQDs’ effectiveness was released in November 2019.

European Green Deal—recast of the Ambient Air Quality Directives

On 26 October 2022, the Commission put forward a proposal to recast the Ambient Air Quality Directives. It sought to resolve the issues identified in the 2018 fitness check by reinforcing requirements on monitoring, modelling and air quality plans, and by aligning EU air quality standards...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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