Jurisdiction(s):
European Union

Key definition

Consumer definition

What does Consumer mean? A consumer is, in practice, an individual who acquires goods, services or digital content for personal use, not for the purposes of a trade, business, craft or profession. The precise meaning is statutory and context‑specific. England & Wales and Scotland: The Consumer Rights Act 2015, s2(3), defines a consumer as an individual acting for purposes wholly or mainly outside their trade, business, craft or profession (capturing mixed‑purpose purchases where the business purpose is not predominant). The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 instead asks whether a party “deals as consumer”, a distinct test relevant to exclusion and limitation clauses. The Sale of...

EU consumer protection—legislation, guidance, horizon scanning, consultations and key dates tracker

Published by a LexisNexis EU Law expert

Practice notes

This document monitors and distils significant new and forthcoming EU legislation (regulations and directives), guidance, and other ongoing policy activity. In particular, this tracker covers all live, closed and upcoming consultations, evaluations and proposals linked to guidance, codes of practice and legislation in the EU consumer protection space. The tracker is organised as follows:

new legislation
horizon scanning
other materials
consultations
key dates

This tracker excludes EU cases. To follow EU consumer cases, see Practice Note: EU consumer protection cases tracker. For a general overview of EU consumer legislation, see Practice Note: Key EU consumer legislation—summary.

Some initiatives are maintained in separate trackers, including:

EU ePrivacy Directive—tracker
EU Digital Services Act—progress tracker
EU Digital Markets Act—progress tracker
Media, digital and telecoms tracker—EU
Travel/Transport—EU Regulatory tracker
Agriculture/Food—EU Regulatory tracker

EU consumer protection—new legislation

Items are shown in reverse chronological order.

What’s happening? When? Find out more

Directive (EU) 2025/2647 amending Directive 2013/11/EU on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Directive (EU) 2015/2302, Directive (EU) 2019/2161 and Directive (EU) 2020/1828 following the discontinuation of the European Online Dispute Resolution Platform — Directive published in the Official Journal...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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