EU equal treatment and equal pay: treaties, directives, and the 2023 Pay Transparency Directive—transparency duties, reporting, remedies, equality bodies, and implications for employers
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Practice notes
The EU has long championed fairness and equality in the workplace. Across the years, meaningful progress has been made to address the enduring challenge of equal treatment and the gender pay imbalance, which continues to be a pressing concern. Against this backdrop, Directive (EU) 2023/970 — the EU Pay Transparency Directive (EU PTD) — is a pivotal statute intended to shrink the gender pay gap, increase openness in pay frameworks and secure effective remedies for discrimination. This Practice Note reviews the EU legal framework on equal treatment and equal pay, charting the development of the principal measures since the late 1970s, the updates introduced by the EU Pay Transparency Directive and what these mean for both employers and workers.
Principles of equality in the EU Treaties
Equality is a foundational element of EU law and societal values, firmly embedded in the Treaties. In particular, Articles 2 and 3(3) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) establish equality as one of the Union’s core values. That dedication to equality is further affirmed and strengthened in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), notably in Articles 8, ...
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Web page updated on 22/05/2026
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