Jurisdiction(s):
European Union

EU/Euratom nuclear regulatory framework: safeguards, safety, licensing, radiation protection, environmental impact assessment, radioactive waste, decommissioning, fuel supply and environmental crime—practitioner overview

Published by a LexisNexis EU Law expert

Practice notes

Nuclear energy in the EU

As at September 2023, 12 of the 27 EU Member States (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Finland, France, Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden) operate nuclear power stations on their soil, while Germany shut its last reactors in April 2023. Nuclear power usage fell by 16.7% between 2021 and 2022, yet it still supplied over a fifth (21.8%) of the EU’s total electricity generation in 2022. Nuclear safety is treated as a priority at EU level, due to the potential for cross-border consequences should a nuclear accident occur. This Practice Note introduces the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (the Euratom Treaty), which provides the foundation for EU-wide nuclear rules and standards, and sets out principal EU legislation pertinent to the nuclear industry. It addresses rules on nuclear safeguards, installation safety and licensing, protection of human health and the environment from radiation, impact assessments for proposed nuclear installations, the management of radioactive waste, and the decommissioning of sites.

Euratom Treaty

The Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (the Euratom Treaty) was concluded in 1957 by the six founding states. Since 1957, every country acceding to what is now more broadly referred to as...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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