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EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) as revised 2023: Member State obligations for buildings, industry, and district heating/cooling, including RFNBO hydrogen targets, to 2030/2035

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RED II—overview

The recast Renewable Energy Directive (Directive (EU) 2018/2001, RED II) took effect on 24 December 2018, with a deadline for transposition of 30 June 2021. Its main objective is to set a common framework to advance the use of energy from renewable sources.

Directive (EU) 2023/2413 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 October 2023, concerning the promotion of renewable energy and amending RED II, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 (the Governance Regulation) and Directive 98/70/EC, appeared in the Official Journal on 31 October 2023 and came into force on 20 November 2023. The transposition deadline is 21 May 2025, save for the following items which had to be enacted in national law by 1 July 2024:

  • the new Article 15(e) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 (covering the designation of dedicated infrastructure areas), and
  • the new Articles 16, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e and 16f of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 (covering permitting procedures and requirements)

The revising Directive (EU) 2023/2413 chiefly seeks to lift the EU’s share of renewable energy in overall energy consumption to 42.5% by 2030, with an additional indicative 2.5% top-up to allow a target...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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