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EU state aid definition

What does EU state aid mean? In practice, EU state aid describes measures by which a public authority uses state resources to confer a selective economic advantage on an undertaking, favouring certain businesses or the production of goods, and thereby distorting (or threatening to distort) competition and affecting trade between EU Member States. The concept is defined in Articles 107–109 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and developed by Court of Justice case law and European Commission practice. Aid exists where the measure is imputable to the state and financed through state resources, grants a selective advantage, and has the requisite...

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EU State aid: European Commission in-depth investigations and sector inquiries—ongoing cases tracker

Practice notes
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The list below monitors current European commission in‑depth investigations and ongoing state aid sector inquiries. Concluded investigations are moved to eu state aid decisions (non in‑depth investigations)—closed cases tracker. For details of State aid appeals before the General Court, see General Court State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker; for appeals before the Court of Justice, see Court of Justice State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker; and for national reference cases before the Court of Justice involving State aid, see Court of Justice State aid national references—ongoing cases tracker.

In-depth investigations

  • Revision of CE Oltenia’s restructuring plan (amending SA.59974) (SA.117913) — Romania
    Industry: Electricity generation from non‑renewable sources
    Type of aid: Other
    Latest step: Decision to open the formal investigation procedure—27/02/2026
  • Support to MAN Trucks for factory capacity expansion (SA.114436) — Poland
    Industry: Leigh/mid‑weight and heavy trucks
    Type of aid: Direct grant and tax allowance
    Latest steps: Call for comments—05/02/2026; Decision to open the formal investigation procedure—28/07/2025
  • Alleged State aid via discounts on wastewater charges (SA.37433) — Denmark
    Industry: Lowered waste charges for slaughterhouses
    Type of aid: Other
    Latest step: Decision to open the formal investigation procedure—30/01/2026

Appeals filed before the General Court in Case T‑486/18 and before the Court...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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