Jurisdiction(s):
European Union

Key definition

Entry into force definition

What does Entry into force mean? Entry into force describes the date on which a legal instrument starts to have legal effect, triggering obligations, rights and time limits. In UK and Irish practice, the parallel term coming into force is used for domestic Acts and statutory instruments: the operative date is set in the legislation or by a commencement order, and if none is given default rules bring it into force on the day of enactment. Entry into force is more commonly used for treaties and EU measures. For EU law, an act enters into force on the date it states; otherwise, on the twentieth day after...

EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC: requirements on collection, treatment (sensitive/less sensitive areas), industrial wastewater, sludge and monitoring; transitional measures and recast Directive (EU) 2024/3019

Published by a LexisNexis EU Law expert

Practice notes

Purpose

Directive 91/271/EEC on urban wastewater treatment (the UWTD) came into effect on 29 May 1991. It set requirements for the collection, monitoring, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater, as well as the oversight, treatment and release of effluent from specified industrial sectors named in Annex III. The UWTD’s aim is to shield the environment from the harmful impacts of such discharges.

milk processing
meat and fish processing
manufacturing of fruit and vegetable products
manufacturing and bottling of soft drinks
etc

European Green Deal—recast of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive

A 2019 assessment of UWTD implementation found it had raised collection and treatment rates across the EU, yet concluded a comprehensive update was necessary to confront ongoing and emerging pollution (for example pharmaceuticals and microplastics), to build climate resilience, to align with the circular economy via better resource recovery, and to reflect technological progress. On 26 October 2022, the Commission put forward a proposal to recast the UWTD, based on the 2019 evaluation and crafted to bring the Directive into line with the European Green Deal’s policy objectives, and...

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Laura Bolado

Laura worked in EU law for over two decades making it one her main area of expertise. In 2002 she worked for the European Commission (Brussels) and relocated to London in 2003 to work for the European Medicines Agency. There she gained first-hand experience on the functioning of the EU which she later applied in legal roles at pharmaceutical companies and law firms before turning to a more generalist approach to EU law at LexisNexis. At LexisNexis she helped develop and maintain EU Tracker (writing on the implementation of EU Directives in different EU jurisdictions, etc.) and assisted various departments with EU law matters in her EU Law Specialist capacity. Laura also delivered EU law training to several interns and legal professionals. Laura left LexisNexis in late 2013 to explore her options in different environments. In 2014 Laura lectured EU law at...

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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