Jurisdiction(s):
European Union

Key definition

General Principles definition

What does General Principles mean? In takeover practice, General Principles are the high‑level standards that guide how the Takeover Code (UK) and the Irish Takeover Rules are interpreted and applied in real transactions. They set expectations of commercial behaviour by bidders, target boards and advisers. There are six General Principles, mirroring the general principles in Article 3 of the EU Takeover Directive. In the UK they are contained in the Code notwithstanding Brexit; in Ireland they derive from the Directive and are embedded in the Rules. They are expressed in broad terms and neither the Code nor the Rules defines the precise limits of their...

EU, EEA and Swiss free movement of persons: legal sources (TFEU, Charter, Citizens' Directive), treaty rights, beneficiaries (family members, durable partners), direct effect, and Commission/CJEU enforcement

Published by a LexisNexis EU Law expert

Practice notes

Since 1957, the free movement of persons has been one of four freedoms embedded in the treaty creating the European Economic Community (the Treaty of Rome), and it supports the EU’s Single market. The remaining three relate to the free movement of Goods, services and capital, and each rests on the rule that nationality must not be a basis for Discrimination. Following the Treaty of Rome, and later secondary measures in 1964 and 1968, nationals of Member States and their family members acquired rights to enter and live in other Member States, subject to specified conditions and limits. Those rights and constraints are delineated in the 1957 treaty establishing the European Economic Community (the Treaty of Rome), its successor treaties, and in Directives and Regulations adopted under those treaties.

Sources of law

The Treaty of Lisbon provides the foundation of current EU law. It took effect on 1 December 2009, revising and consolidating earlier treaties into the Treaty on European Union 2008 (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU 2008 (TFEU). The principal free movement provisions are found as part of the overarching framework of the single market and non-discrimination developed through successive treaties and measures to...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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