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Infringement definition

What does Infringement mean? In legal practice, infringement (of copyright) means doing, or authorising another to do, acts reserved to the copyright owner without permission. It is principally a statutory concept. Across the UK, the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 defines the “restricted acts”: copying; issuing copies to the public; rental or lending; performance, playing or showing in public; communication to the public (including making available online); and making adaptations. In Ireland, comparable rights and restrictions appear in the Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000. Taking the whole work is not required: reproducing a substantial part infringes. “Substantial” is a qualitative test informed by case...

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UK patent infringement exceptions and defences: permitted acts (including experimental/Bolar), prior use, invalidity, consent, post‑Brexit exhaustion, Gillette/Formstein, Crown use, and competition law

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Practice notes
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A ‘patent’ is a legal instrument that grants an inventor Monopoly rights. It safeguards novel inventions and can extend to elements such as the way things function, their composition, and the methods by which they are produced. A UK national patent, or a European patent designating the UK (EP(UK)), is infringed by carrying out acts in the UK without the permission of the patent proprietor (the patentee). Those infringing acts are prescribed by section 60 of the Patents Act 1977 (PA 1977) and include making, using, and importing a patented product or process. For detail on patent Infringement, see Practice Note: Patent infringement...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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