Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Exclusion definition

What does Exclusion mean? In school discipline, exclusion is the formal removal of a pupil from attending school, either temporarily or permanently, in response to serious misconduct. It operates under statute and statutory guidance, with procedural safeguards such as written reasons, an opportunity to make representations, and routes of review or appeal. In England, the terms are suspension (formerly fixed‑period exclusion) and permanent exclusion, under the Education Act 2002/Education and Inspections Act 2006 and DfE statutory guidance. The head teacher/principal decides, the governing board reviews, and there is a right to an independent review panel. In Wales, “exclusion” (fixed‑term or permanent) remains the operative...

UK B2C exemption clauses and notices: CRA 2015 and DMCCA 2024 controls, CMA guidance, fairness/transparency, grey list and banned terms, incorporation, construction and drafting

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Practice notes

This Practice Note considers Exclusion and Limitation of Liability in business-to-consumer (B2C) contracts and notices

It examines the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (CRA 2015) together with the Competition and Markets Authority’s guidance on unfair terms relating to exclusion and limitation of liability (CMA Guidance). It also offers drafting guidance for exclusion and limitation of liability provisions, often described as:

limitation of liability clauses
limitation clauses
exclusion of liability clauses
disclaimers
exclusion clauses
exemption clauses

Following its late 2025 announcement (see: LNB News 22/10/2025 12), on 22 January 2026 the CMA launched a consultation on updated draft unfair terms guidance. The draft does not materially change the law’s interpretation; rather, it captures post-2015 case law and the DMCCA 2024 enforcement framework. While the statutory tests of fairness and transparency remain, the guidance has been reframed to deliver more granular analysis of high-risk terms, including automatic renewal and jurisdiction clauses, and to provide thematic examples throughout.

The consultation closes on 19 March 2026. This Practice Note will be updated when the final guidance is issued. For more, see: LNB News 22/01/2026 53 and News Analysis...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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