Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Concurrent expert evidence definition

What does Concurrent expert evidence mean? Concurrent expert evidence (also known as hot‑tubbing) is a way of taking expert evidence in which both sides’ experts give evidence together in a judge‑led, issue‑by‑issue discussion. Rather than sequential examination and cross‑examination, the judge (or tribunal) identifies the topics in dispute, asks the same question of each expert in turn, and invites direct comment by one expert on the other’s answers. counsel may put supplementary questions, and the court may still permit targeted cross‑examination afterwards. It is a case‑management technique rather than a statutory term. In England and Wales it is recognised in civil procedure and court guides; comparable...

CPR 35.4 expert evidence after the 2013 Jackson Reforms: issue scoping, cost estimates, budgeting, court powers and transitional provisions (England and Wales)

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Practice notes

ARCHIVED: Note

This Practice Note sets out guidance on provisions that came into force on 1 April 2013.
It deals solely with the amendments to CPR 35.4. For guidance on the introduction of concurrent expert evidence (also brought in under the Jackson Reforms) or on expert evidence generally, see: hot-tubbing (Concurrent expert evidence) and Experts' meetings and joint statements respectively.
You should also have regard to all relevant provisions contained in any applicable court guide. See: Court guides and other guidance.

NOTE: This Practice Note provides a summary of the amendment to CPR 35.4 that took effect on 1 April 2014. It does not address developments since that date and is, therefore, not maintained.

Lord Justice Jackson's recommendations—effective case management

Lord Justice Jackson identified expert evidence as an area where litigation costs could be markedly reduced. He noted that if expert reports are longer than necessary, dwell at length on issues that are irrelevant or at best peripheral, or include topics which ought not to be covered at all, it is self-evident that the costs will rise to no useful purpose. Such excess serves no beneficial end and merely inflates expenditure...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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