Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Controls definition

What does Controls mean? In practice, controls are the user-facing settings (eg a cookie banner, preference centre or consent management platform) that let individuals accept, reject or later withdraw consent to cookies and similar tracking technologies. The term is descriptive rather than defined in statute, but requirements flow from PECR (UK) and the ePrivacy Regulations 2011 (Ireland), read with the UK GDPR/GDPR standard for consent and regulator guidance (ICO, DPC, EDPB). Key features: - No non-essential cookies before consent; essential cookies only for a service the user requests. - Granular choices by purpose/vendor, with “accept all” and “reject all” presented with equal prominence; no...

ECJU Compliance Visits under UK Export Controls: Scope, Preparation, Audit Process, Common Failings and Consequences

Published by a LexisNexis Corporate Crime expert

Practice notes

There are rigorous Controls on the export, brokering and transhipment of ‘strategic’ Goods, software and technology moving from or via the UK. This covers military kit and ‘dual-use’ items capable of serving both civil and defence purposes effectively. For guidance on whether these rules apply, see Practice Note Export controls—Requirement for an export licence. The Export Control Joint Unit (ECJU), a unit within the Department for Business and Trade, is responsible for issuing licences for controlled goods and for overseeing exporters’ compliance with the regime and the controls. Breaching the controls constitutes a criminal offence. HMRC and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) lead on investigations and prosecutions where parties fail to comply. For details on enforcing and prosecuting export control breaches, see Practice Note: The Enforcement of export control breaches. That Practice Note reflects ECJU guidance on compliance visits, which can be found here.

Compliance with export controls

Businesses engaged in the export, brokering or transhipment of ‘strategic’ goods, software and technology should implement robust policies and procedures to ensure full compliance with the relevant regulations and controls in force. The ECJU publishes an ECJU—Compliance Code of Practice offering practical guidance to businesses on exporters’ responsibilities and obligations. Whilst the...

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Andrew Hood

Fieldfisher

Andrew is a partner and co-chair of the Sanctions Group at Fieldfisher LLP. He specialises in advising Governments, regulators and industry on sanctions, trade and public international law. Prior to joining Fieldfisher, Andrew spent over 13 years as a lawyer and negotiator for the UK Government, including as a lawyer at the Foreign Office; the UK's sanctions negotiator in Brussels; the Head of International and EU Law at the Attorney General’s Office; and as the first General Counsel in 10 Downing Street, advising the UK Prime Minister (David Cameron)...

Nathalie Reid

Fieldfisher

Nathalie is a Senior Associate in Fieldfisher LLP's London-based Trade team. She specialises in the areas of sanctions and export controls and gives practical advice to businesses and industry bodies on trade and supply chain issues....

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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