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United Kingdom
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Key definition
Monitoring definition

What does Monitoring mean? Monitoring, in radiological protection practice, is the measurement of ionising radiation levels, airborne concentrations of radionuclides, surface contamination and other quantities of radioactive material, and the use of those results to evaluate potential exposures and doses. The term is used and, in substance, defined in radiation protection legislation (including the Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017 in Great Britain, the Ionising Radiations Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2017, and Ireland’s regulations implementing the Basic Safety Standards Directive). In legal and compliance contexts, monitoring typically covers workplace monitoring, personal dosimetry, contamination surveys and environmental/discharge monitoring. It is undertaken to demonstrate compliance with dose limits...

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Criminal Finances Act 2017: Monitoring, Review and Incident Management for Failure to Prevent Facilitation of Tax Evasion—HMRC and Law Society Guidance for Legal Practices

Practice notes
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The Criminal Finances Act 2017 (CFA 2017) created a corporate offence for failing to stop the facilitation of tax evasion, effective from 30 September 2017. Government guidance was also released, outlining expectations for compliance frameworks. That guidance should be applied proportionately and on a risk-based footing, reflecting your organisation’s size, nature and complexity. A small entity and a large multinational may adopt the principles in very different ways: what is reasonable for a small business in a low-risk sector could be entirely unreasonable for a large business operating in a high-risk sector. Application should be tailored to organisational scale, sector, and operational complexity as contemplated within the government guidance issued.

The Law Society also issued a practice note, Criminal Finances Act 2017, for law firms, which the chancellor approved on 21 November 2018. The Law Society states that the chancellor considers this practice note consistent with Government guidance on the corporate offences of failing to prevent the criminal facilitation of tax evasion. The note addresses the requirement for organisations to monitor and review their prevention procedures and to improve them where necessary, drawing on Government and Law Society guidance as appropriate.

The offences and defence

There are two potential offences,...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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