Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Employment tribunal definition

What does Employment tribunal mean? A specialist forum that decides employment disputes between workers and employers, typically statutory claims such as unfair dismissal, discrimination, equal pay, unlawful deduction from wages, breach of contract (on termination), redundancy pay, whistleblowing and working time. In England & Wales and Scotland, Employment Tribunals are statutory bodies established under the Employment Tribunals Act 1996. Procedure is governed by the Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) 2013; claims are presented on form ET1 and responses on ET3; most claims must be presented within three months (subject to Acas early conciliation stop-the-clock). Cases are heard by an Employment Judge, sometimes with...

Employment Tribunal Financial Penalties in Great Britain: aggravating features, calculation (including multiple claims), extended worker and employer definitions, and sanctions for non-payment of awards and Acas settlements

Published by a LexisNexis Employment expert

Practice notes

Before 6 April 2014, where a Claimant succeeded before an Employment tribunal, the tribunal’s remit was limited to granting the available remedies for the particular claim and making costs orders (see Practice Note: Costs in the employment tribunal). It could not impose a sanction on the respondent employer for the breach of employment law itself. As of 6 April 2014, section 12A of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (ETA 1996) introduced a statutory power for tribunals to require any respondent employer to pay a financial penalty where a worker’s rights have been breached with aggravating features. For contraventions commencing on or after 6 April 2019, the ceiling for such penalties is £20,000 (see: How the financial penalty is calculated below). With effect from 6 April 2016, ETA 1996, s 37F empowered enforcement officers, appointed or authorised by the Secretary of State, to issue financial penalty notices to employers who do not pay an employment tribunal award or a settlement sum agreed following Acas conciliation. For further detail, see: Financial penalties for failure to pay sums ordered to be paid or settlement sums below and Practice Note: Enforcement of employment tribunal awards and Acas COT3 settlements—Government penalty scheme for failure...

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Web page updated on 28/05/2026

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