Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Monitoring definition

What does Monitoring mean? Monitoring, in radiological protection practice, is the measurement of ionising radiation levels, airborne concentrations of radionuclides, surface contamination and other quantities of radioactive material, and the use of those results to evaluate potential exposures and doses. The term is used and, in substance, defined in radiation protection legislation (including the Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017 in Great Britain, the Ionising Radiations Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2017, and Ireland’s regulations implementing the Basic Safety Standards Directive). In legal and compliance contexts, monitoring typically covers workplace monitoring, personal dosimetry, contamination surveys and environmental/discharge monitoring. It is undertaken to demonstrate compliance with dose limits...

Finland FDI screening and national security review under the MFCA: scope, thresholds, sector coverage, notification, standstill, procedure, remedies, timelines, penalties, confidentiality, EU Screening Regulation

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Practice notes

A discussion with Ami Paanajärvi, partner, and Juhani Matinlassi, senior associate, in the Helsinki office of Nordic law firm Roschier Attorneys Ltd., on key issues in foreign direct investment (FDI) control in Finland.

1. What is the applicable legislation?

This area is regulated by the Act on the Monitoring of Foreign Corporate Acquisitions in Finland (172/2012) (the MFCA).

2. Which government or other body (or bodies) reviews foreign Investments?

Reviews are carried out by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment (MEAE). If the MEAE decides to refer a case, it goes to the Council of State, which is the only Authority empowered to prohibit an acquisition.

3. What is the scope of the foreign investment regime? Does it only apply to specific sectors or types of Investors (eg foreign or non-EU / non-WTO)? Are there specific rules for certain types of investors (eg state-owned enterprises)?

The MFCA applies to acquisitions where a foreign owner obtains at least 10%, one third (1/3) or one half (1/2) of total voting rights, or comparable control, in a monitored entity, defined as companies:

active in the defence industry – defence sector companies are corporations or business undertakings which...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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